From pollen percentage to vegetation cover: evaluation of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm in western Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

KARI LOE HJELLE  INGVILD KRISTINE MEHL  SHINYA SUGITA  GIDSKE LEKNÆS ANDERSEN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):312-324

The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) with the two models REVEALS and LOVE is developed to transform pollen percentage data to vegetation cover. This paper presents the first study to evaluate LRA in a region with large topographic variations within a short distances. The REVEALS model estimates regional vegetation abundance based on pollen assemblages from large lakes (100–500 ha). Pollen surface samples from one large and 28 small lakes are used together with a combination of regionally derived pollen productivity estimates and available estimates from other regions of Europe. The results show a good relationship between REVEALS‐estimated forest cover and vegetation abundance based on the CORINE land‐cover data. The REVEALS results using various sets of pollen assemblages from small lakes were comparable to those using one large lake. Local vegetation abundance using the LOVE model was estimated around 26 lakes. For common taxa, such as Pinus and Poaceae, the LOVE‐based estimates of plant abundance match well with the distance‐weighted plant abundances based on vegetation maps. Our results indicate that the LRA approach is effective for reconstruction of long‐term vegetation changes in western Norway and other regions with high topographic relief when no major gradients exist in the pollen data.  相似文献   

Advances in Oxygenation Theory and Technology in Deep Lakes     

Lan Chen  Chen Jing&#x  an  Zeng Yan  Guo Jianyang  Zhang Runyu  Wang Jingfu  Yang Haiquan  Ji Yongxue 《地球科学进展》2015,30(10):1172-1181

Deep lakes always maintain vertical thermal stratification due to their physical structure. The thermocline prevents the transfer of oxygen from epilimnion to hypolimnion, leading to the formation of anoxic conditions in deeper water, the enhanced release of endogenous pollutants and the deterioration of water quality. Oxygenation is an effective measure to improve the water quality of deep lakes and mitigate the release of endogenous pollutants via the increase of the oxygen level in water. This paper provided an overview of the method and theory of oxygenation in deep lakes. Advantages and limitations of different methods of oxygenation, including artificial destratification, airlift aerators, Speece cone and bubble plume diffusers, were discussed. In addition, challenges and prospects of oxygenation were assessed based on the analyzing of typical examples of oxygenation in deep lakes and the difference in oxygenation system used in deep lakes and shallow lakes.  相似文献   

常州润华环球中心深基坑支护效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

宋珪  张海丰 《探矿工程》2015,42(12):44-47

常州润华环球中心基坑工程一区开挖深度达18 m,采用钻孔灌注排桩和内支撑作为支护结构。基坑施工过程中对基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移进行了监测。基坑工程施工结束后基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移达到稳定值（分别为25 mm和40 mm）,整体支护效果显著。但在基坑第三次开挖结束后第二道支撑构筑完成之前,基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移速率突然增大,直至第二道支撑构筑完成后增速才缓慢降低。提高第二道支撑的标高有利于降低基坑的变形,提高支护效果。  相似文献   

沉积物捕获器在海岸与陆架沉积动力研究中的应用:以罗源湾和台湾海峡为例     

王爱军  叶翔  陈坚  黄财宾 《海洋学报》2015,37(1):125-136

运用时间序列的沉积物捕获器对海岸与陆架海域沉降颗粒物进行采集,估算沉降通量,并运用多学科综合研究手段分析沉降颗粒物的来源、组成、时空变化及控制因素,可以为海岸与陆架沉积动力过程的研究提供新的研究手段。福建罗源湾的实验表明,夏季罗源湾潮下带小潮至中潮期间的沉降通量为133.20~256.18g/(m2·t);由中潮向大潮变化期间单个潮周期的沉降通量明显增大,台风过后的大潮期间的沉降通量为373.99~590.51g/(m2·t);台风显著影响期间的沉降通量为746.34g/(m2·t);粒度分析及水动力观测结果显示,观测期间罗源湾潮下带沉降颗粒物主要来源于海底沉积物的再悬浮。台湾海峡西北部内陆架海域的实验研究表明,该海域近底部悬浮颗粒物沉降通量最大值为13.34g/(m2·d),由小潮向中潮沉降通量逐渐增大,这主要是由于近底部温盐跃层层位上移,近底部垂向混合作用增强,致使底部再悬浮沉积物向上扩散,并最终被沉积物捕获器捕获。沉积物捕获器可以接收到再悬浮沉积物,结合底部边界层过程的观测研究,可以深入认识海底沉积物的侵蚀、沉降及埋藏过程,在研究海岸与陆架区沉积动力学、泥质区沉积记录的形成过程与保存潜力中扮演着十分重要的角色。  相似文献   

手持GPS定位精度与误差的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王克晓  李凤友  刘焕玲  邢卫军  任洪文 《全球定位系统》2011,36(6):83-86,91

分别探讨在绝对定位和相对定位两种模式下手持式GPS定位的稳定性,得出合理的观测时间长。通过不同时长的观测数据的对比分析给出：实时定位与长时间定位观测值之差在1m之内。手持GPS绝对定位的准确度即测量的结果与其真实位置符合程度非常高,能够控制在亚米级的范围之内。在卫星个数较多的情况下,实时定位的精度也能控制在亚米级的范围之内。利用单点定位系统误差改正模型,消除或减弱某些误差后能得到更高的精度,使得单点定位精度达到半米之内甚至更高。  相似文献   

Picoplankton structure in clear and turbid eutrophic shallow lakes: A seasonal study     

Julieta Silvoso  Irina Izaguirre  Luz Allende 《Limnologica》2011,41(3):181-190

The relative abundance of the different picoplankton components (eukaryotic picophytoplankton (Peuk), picocyanobacteria (Pcy) and bacterioplankton), and their relationships with the lake conditions were studied in three types of shallow lakes from the Pampa Plain (Argentina) that differ in their optical properties: clear-vegetated, phytoplankton-turbid and inorganic-turbid. All the selected lakes, but one, are characterized by their different alternative steady state (clear-vegetated and phytoplankton-turbid water phases) following the model proposed by Scheffer et al. (1993).Autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton abundances were analyzed seasonally in relation to environmental variables. All the lakes presented high concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) (>229 μg L⁻¹), total phosphorus (TP) (>46 μg L⁻¹) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (>13.7 mg L⁻¹). Clear-vegetated lakes were characterized by vertical diffuse PAR (photosynthetic active radiation) attenuation coefficient (kd_PAR) lower than 11 m⁻¹, whereas inorganic-turbid lake always showed values higher than 21.1 m⁻¹. The euphotic zone depth (Z_1%) was wider in clear-vegetated lakes (40–140 cm) and thinner in the inorganic-turbid (10–20 cm). The phytoplankton-turbid lakes presented a wide range in the values of these variables (kd_PAR: 5.2–35.8 m⁻¹; Z_1%: 10–90 cm). Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) strongly differed, ranging from 1.6 to 334.6 μg L⁻¹. Picophytoplankton was mainly represented by phycocianine-rich (PC-rich) Pcy in all cases, dominating over Peuk algae. The total and relative abundances of eukaryotic picophytoplankton, Pcy and bacterioplankton, as well as the size structure of the phytoplankton community differed among the water bodies. In general, clear-vegetated water bodies exhibited similar abiotic characteristics, picophytoplankton/bacterioplankton ratios, and phytoplankton size structure. Contrarily, no clear trend was identified for the group of turbid lakes. The contrasting results obtained for the importance of the picoplankton components in phytoplankton-turbid shallow lakes evidence that the availability of the energetical and nutrient resources cannot be solely considered to predict their relative importance in this type of shallow lake.  相似文献   

湖泊生态系统的水鸟监测意义   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

张淑霞  董云仙  夏峰 《湖泊科学》2011,23(2):155-162

水鸟的多样性及其变化趋势是保护水鸟必需的信息,也是其柄息湿地环境质量的指示因子之一.本文综述了水鸟与湖泊生态系统关系的研究成果,认为水鸟的物种多样性与丰富度可以快速反映湖泊的水生植物、鱼类的生物量和湖泊水位、营养状况的变化,集群繁殖的食鱼水鸟可用于湖泊生态系统中持久性有毒化学污染物的生态监测;同时阐述了水鸟通过取食水生...  相似文献   

高矿化度沙漠湖泊水体的光学特性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

巫文文  关洪军  段洪涛  敖春来 《湖泊科学》2011,23(2):209-216

沙漠湖泊水体和东部大型湖泊如太湖等存在较大差异.为深入研究沙漠湖泊水体的光学特性,利用腾格里沙漠月亮湖实测水面ASD高光谱数据和同步采集的水样,对水体矿化度与叶绿素a、DOC、悬浮物的含量进行相关性分析,比较沙漠湖泊水体和其它水体的黄色物质、浮游植物、非藻类悬浮物吸收特征光谱,探讨不同波段中水深和矿化度对水体反射率的影...  相似文献   

太湖水体理化指标在夏季短时间尺度上的分层及其控制因素   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

赵林林  朱梦圆  冯龙庆  刘笑菡  朱广伟  陈元芳  秦伯强 《湖泊科学》2011,23(4):649-656

通过连续9d(2010年7月24日至2010年8月1日)对太湖水体理化指标垂向分层的高频率观测,揭示太湖多指标垂向分层规律.观测表明:(1)太湖中各水质指标频繁出现分层现象,但不稳定;(2)分层的主要控制因素包含气温的日变化、蓝藻水华堆积与风浪扰动等;(3)气温和太阳辐射日变化影响水温分层,水温垂向变幅可达3.94℃,...  相似文献   

中国蒙新高原湖区水环境主要问题及控制对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张亚丽  许秋瑾  席北斗  张列宇 《湖泊科学》2011,23(6):828-836

实施“西部大开发”战略的重大决策,对于平衡中国各区域间的发展位差以及提高整个国家的经济实力具有重要的战略意义.而西部脆弱的生态环境决定了西部大开发中要以生态保护优先的环境保护政策为切入点和立足点,坚持经济大开发与可持续发展有机结合.本文系统地阐述了中国蒙新湖区在气候变化和人类活动的影响下水环境的主要问题及控制对策,并以...  相似文献